A central theme was the discussion of the concept of ‘bio-inputs’ and their practical effects. Participants examined whether it is advisable to unify definitions for regulatory purposes, whether an integrated concept is required as a public policy instrument, and how to move toward regional harmonisation. They also addressed the implications of conceptual divergence in intellectual property and competition, especially for its impact on registration requirements, market access, technology protection strategies, and entry conditions for local actors.

Another block focused on capacity building: how national and regional regulation can boost scientific and productive capacities, what public policies could accelerate them, and how harmonisation would reduce costs and improve competitiveness. On this point, the role of IP and competition was highlighted both as catalysts (incentives, technology transfer) and sources of friction (barriers to entry, asymmetries).

Finally, structural challenges were explored in depth: coordination with integrated management, the research-market gap, technical and training challenges, fragmented availability, financing constraints, and regulation that is often heterogeneous, bureaucratic, and outdated.

The workshop provided valuable input for continuing to shape the project, prioritising lines of work, and building a regional roadmap that integrates innovation, sustainability, intellectual property, and competition.